MERRY CHRISTMAS TO ALL
THE CHRISTIANS .

FAMOUS PERSON QUOTATIONS V :


Erma Bombeck

When I stand before God at the end of my life,I would hope that I would not have a single bit of talent left,and could say,"I used everything you gave me".

PACIFIC OCEAN :

I INTRODUCTION Pacific Ocean, largest and deepest of the world's four oceans, covering more than a third of the Earth's surface and containing more than half of its free water. It is sometimes divided into two nominal sections: the part north of the equator is called the North Pacific; the part south of the equator, the South Pacific. The name Pacific, which means peaceful, was given to it by the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan in 1520.


II BOUNDARIES AND SIZE The Pacific Ocean is bounded on the east by the North and South American continents; on the north by the Bering Strait; on the west by Asia, the Malay Archipelago, and Australia; and on the south by Antarctica. In the south-east it is arbitrarily divided from the Atlantic Ocean by the Drake Passage along 68° west longitude; in the south-west, its separation from the Indian Ocean is not officially designated. Apart from the marginal seas along its irregular western rim, it has an area of about 165 million sq km (64 million sq mi), substantially larger than the entire land surface of the globe. Its maximum length is about 15,500 km (9,600 mi) from the Bering Strait to Antarctica, and its greatest width is about 17,700 km (11,000 mi) from Panama to the Malay Peninsula. Its average depth is 4,282 m (14,049 ft). The greatest known depth in any of the world's oceans is 11,033 m (36,198 ft) in the Mariana Trench off Guam.



III GEOLOGICAL FORMATION AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES The Pacific is the oldest of the existing ocean basins, its oldest rocks having been dated at about 200 million years. The major features of the basin and rim have been shaped by the phenomena associated with plate tectonics. The coastal shelf, which extends to depths of about 180 m (600 ft), is narrow along North and South America but is relatively wide along Asia and Australia. The East Pacific Rise, a midocean ridge system, extends about 8,700 km (5,400 mi) from the Gulf of California to a point about 3,600 km (2,235 mi) west of the southern tip of South America, and rises an average of about 2,130 m (7,000 ft) above the ocean floor. Along the East Pacific Rise molten rock upwells from the Earth's mantle, adding crust to the plates on both sides of the rise. These plates, which are huge segments of the Earth's surface, are thus forced apart, causing them to collide with the continental plates adjacent to their outer edges. Under this tremendous pressure, the continental plates fold into mountains, and the oceanic plates buckle downwards, forming deep trenches, called subduction zones, from which crust is carried back into the mantle. The stresses at the areas of folding and subduction are responsible for the earthquakes and volcanoes that give the rim of the Pacific basin the name “ring of fire”.

LIBERTY STATUE :

Liberty, Statue of, originally called Liberty Enlightening the World, colossal statue on Liberty Island, formerly Bedloe's Island, located in the harbour of New York. The statue, the island, and nearby Ellis Island were declared a national monument in 1924. The statue symbolizing liberty is in the form of a woman wearing flowing robes and a spiked crown who holds a torch aloft in her right hand and carries in her left a book inscribed “July 4, 1776”; broken chains, symbolizing the overthrow of tyranny, lie at her feet. Designed by the French sculptor Frédéric Bartholdi, the statue was given by France to the United States to commemorate the centennial of US independence in 1876. France raised funds by popular subscription to pay for the statue; US donors financed the pedestal and installation of the monument. The work was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland on October 28, 1886.
The statue, formed of copper sheets riveted to an iron framework, is one of the largest in the world. It measures 93.5 m (306 ft 8 in) from the bottom of the pedestal to the tip of the torch. The figure itself is 46.4 m (152 ft 2 in) high; the right arm is 12.8 m (42 ft) long; the hand is 5.03 m (16 ft 5 in) long; and the head, which is reachable by staircase or emergency lift, measures 8.5 m (28 ft) from neck to diadem and 3.05 m (10 ft) from ear to ear. The statue weighs 254 tonnes (250 tons).
Originally conceived as a gesture of international friendship, the statue has become a global symbol of freedom, marking the arrival of millions of immigrants to the United States. In 1903 the sonnet The New Colossus by the US poet Emma Lazarus was inscribed at the main entrance to the pedestal. The last lines of the verse read:

Give  me your tired, your poor
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!

Tick:

common name for an arachnid that is closely related to the mite. Ticks are parasitic on many animals, including sheep, cattle, deer, dogs, birds, reptiles, and humans. Approximately 850 species occur in the world; most are known as “hard ticks”, the remaining 175 are called “soft ticks”. Hard ticks are often found in woods or among thick vegetation, while soft ticks are typical of buildings and nests. Ticks have a tough, rounded body and eight legs (the larvae have only six). The mouthparts include a toothed anchoring organ, or hypostome, and a pair of large, sharp chelicerae (jaws). On the skin of a host animal, the tick makes a cut to insert the hypostome and sucks the blood for a period of days. The tick also mates while on the host. The female lays her waxy eggs after she leaves the host and the hatched larvae must find their own new hosts on which to feed. The young larvae are tiny (less than 1 mm long) but enlarge greatly when feeding; adult females may increase their weight up to 150 times when fully fed. They moult in order to allow body growth. The world’s largest engorged tick measured 28 mm (1 in). The life cycle of a tick may last three years. Several diseases, such as Lyme Disease and Rickettsia, are transmitted to humans by ticks as they feed.
Scientific classification: Ticks constitute the suborder Ixodida within the class Arachnida (subclass Acarina).

ADOLF HITLER :


I INTRODUCTION Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945), German political and government leader and one of the 20th century's most powerful dictators, who converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II. Making anti-Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies, he built up the Nazi party (see National Socialism) into a mass movement. For a time he dominated most of Europe and North Africa. He caused the slaughter of millions of Jews and others whom he considered inferior human beings.


II EARLY YEARS Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, on April 20, 1889, the son of a minor customs official and a peasant girl. A poor student, he never completed high school. He applied for admission to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna but was rejected for lack of talent. Staying in Vienna until 1913, he lived first on an orphan's pension, later on small earnings from pictures he drew. He read voraciously, developing anti-Jewish and antidemocratic convictions, an admiration for the outstanding individual, and a contempt for the masses.
In World War I, Hitler, by then in Munich, volunteered for service in the Bavarian army. He proved a dedicated, courageous soldier, but was never promoted beyond private first class because his superiors thought him lacking in leadership qualities. After Germany's defeat in 1918 he returned to Munich, remaining in the army until 1920. His commander made him an education officer, with the mandate to immunize his charges against pacifist and democratic ideas. In September 1919 he joined the nationalist German Workers' party, and in April 1920 he went to work full time for the party, now renamed the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) party. In 1921 he was elected party chairman (Führer) with dictatorial powers.



III RISE TO POWER
Organizing meeting after meeting, terrorizing political foes with groups of party thugs, Hitler spread his gospel of racial hatred and contempt for democracy. He soon became a key figure in Bavarian politics, aided by high officials and businessmen. In November 1923, a time of political and economic chaos, he led an uprising (Putsch) in Munich against the post-war Weimar Republic, proclaiming himself chancellor of a new authoritarian regime. Without military support, however, the Putsch collapsed.
As leader of the plot, Hitler was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and spent the eight months he actually served dictating his autobiography Mein Kampf. Released as a result of a general amnesty in December 1924, he rebuilt his party without interference from those whose government he had tried to overthrow. When the Great Depression struck in 1929, his explanation of it as a Jewish-Communist plot was accepted by many Germans. Promising a strong Germany, jobs, and national glory, he attracted millions of voters. Nazi representation in the Reichstag (parliament) rose from 12 seats in 1928 to 107 in 1930.
During the following two years the party kept expanding, benefiting from growing unemployment, fear of Communism, Hitler's self-certainty, and the diffidence of his political rivals. Nevertheless, when Hitler was appointed chancellor in January 1933, he was expected to be an easily controlled tool of big business.

Wexford (town):

town in County Wexford, south-eastern Republic of Ireland. It stands on the southern bank of the Slaney estuary. Wexford is an ancient Viking town that was an important trading centre from the 9th century onward. It was settled by the Anglo-Normans in the 12th century. The town was captured by Oliver Cromwell in 1649, who massacred several hundred townspeople; it also played a major role in the rebellion of 1798. Wexford’s port is no longer in commercial use and ferries dock at Rosslare to the south. Tourism is now an important part of the local economy and Wexford is famous for its Opera Festival held annually in October. The Westgate, built in the 14th century, is the only one of the medieval walled city’s five gates still in existence; it is now a heritage centre. Population (1991) 9,544.



Wexford Bay :

widemouthed inlet of St George's Channel at the mouth of the River Slaney, County Wexford, south-east Ireland, with Wexford town, an ancient trading port, at its head. The bay is about 7 km (4 mi) wide but is penetrated on the south side by Wexford harbour, and by Beggerin Island (Little Éire)—site of an early monastic church, and in 1171, hideout of the Irish from the Anglo-Normans—now joined to the mainland by land reclamation.