BIBLE :


INTRODUCTION Bible, also called the Holy Bible, the sacred book or Scriptures of Judaism and of Christianity. The Bible of Judaism and the Bible of Christianity are different, however, in some important ways. The Jewish Bible is the Hebrew Scriptures, 39 books originally written in Hebrew, except for a few sections in Aramaic. The Christian Bible is in two parts, the Old Testament and the 27 books of the New Testament. The Old Testament is structured in two slightly different forms by the two principal divisions of Christendom. The version of the Old Testament used by Roman Catholics is the Bible of Judaism plus 7 other books and additions to books (see the accompanying table); some of the additional books were originally written in Greek, as was the New Testament. The version of the Old Testament used by Protestants is limited to the 39 books of the Jewish Bible. The other books and additions to books are called the Apocrypha by Protestants; they are generally referred to as deuterocanonical books by Roman Catholics.
The term Bible is derived through Latin from the Greek biblia, or “books”, the diminutive form of byblos, the word for “papyrus” or “paper”, which was exported from the ancient Phoenician port city of Biblos. By the time of the Middle Ages the books of the Bible were considered a unified entity.

SUNDAY :


Sunday, first day of the week. Its English name, as well as its German name (Sonntag), is derived from the Latin dies solis,”Sun’s day”, the name of a pagan Roman holiday. In the New Testament (see Revelation 1:10) it is called the Day of God (Dominica in the Latin version), from which the name of Sunday is derived in Romance languages (French, dimanche; Italian domenica; Spanish, domingo; Romanian duminica). In the early days of Christianity, Sunday began to replace the sabbath, and to be observed to honour the Resurrection of Christ. Sunday was instituted as a day of rest, consecrated especially to the service of God, by the Roman emperor Constantine I. After the 4th century, ecclesiastical and civil legislation regulated work on Sunday and prescribed guidance for Sunday worship. In recent years, the laws limiting business and amusements on Sundays have been greatly relaxed.

Sunspots :


Sunspots appear as darker features on the photosphere, and are regions of slightly lower temperature (typically 4000 K/6680° F) that result where the emergence of strong magnetic fields from the solar interior disrupts the normal pattern of convection. A typical sunspot has a magnetic-field strength of 0.25 tesla, compared with the Earth’s magnetic-field strength of less than 0.0001 tesla. Sunspots range in size from pores 1,000 km (625 mi) in diameter, to extensive, complex groups that may cover up to 0.5 per cent of the visible solar hemisphere. Sunspot numbers vary over long time-scales, reaching a maximum roughly every 11 years. The underlying magnetic cycle which is believed to cause sunspot activity takes 22 years to return to its starting configuration. Sunspots appear to be a consequence of the interaction between deep-seated magnetic activity in the Sun, and the differential rotation of the outer, convective layers: at its equator, the Sun rotates on its axis once every 25.6 days, but at the poles, the rotation period is in excess of 30 days. As a result of the differential rotation, the solar magnetic field becomes wrapped around itself, so that loops are forced up and out through the photosphere: sunspots form at the sites of emergence.